We have here the report from Early Start, who we met with on Tuesday, April 13.. these are the people who are going to provide services to help Tristan learn how to get along in our world. The password is the name of our orange kitty. If you are curious to read this but don’t know the password, just ask one of us.
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In these areas, the following skills were observed or reported by parent:
Gross Motor (large movement)
* walks
* runs 10 feet without falling
* kicks a ball forward without falling
* walks up and down steps with support
* independently will typically crawl up steps; occasionally will hold rail for a few steps; cautious and will wait for help to come down
BDI-2 Raw Score: 54 — Age Equivalent: 19 months
Fine Motor (small movement)
* transfers an object from one hand to the other
* holds an object in each hand at the same time
* picks up a raisin with the ends of the thumb and index finger in an overhand approach (pincer graso)
* extends a toy to a person and releases it from grasp
* intentionally propels or throws an object
* holds crayon with a fisted grasp, making only a small mark on the paper
BDI-2 Raw Score: 27 — Age Equivalent: 16 months (15% below age – within normal limits)
Adaptive/Self-Help (sleeping, eating, dressing, toileting, etc.)
* feeds self bite-sized pieces of food
* drinks from a sippy cup
* asks for food or liquid by positioning himself near what he wants and reaching (i.e. reaches toward the cup rack for drink)
* assists parent with dressing by holding out arms or legs
* takes off shoes, socks, and pants
BDI-2 Raw Score: 27 — Age Equivalent: 15 months (21% below age – within normal limits)
Cognitive (responsiveness to environment, thinking skills, problem solving)
A. Attention and Memory
* attends to a game of peek-a-boo
* attends to an ongoing sound or activity for 15 seconds or more
* occupies self for 10 minutes without demanding attention; attends to the same activity for three minutes
BDI-2 Raw Score: 30 — Age Equivalent: 19 months
B. Perception and Concepts
* feels and explores objects
* physically explores the surroundings and/or objects in the surroundings
BDI-2 Raw Score: 12 — Age Equivalent: 13 months (37% below age)
Communication (language and speech)
Receptive (understanding): During the intake, Tristan presented as a self-directed boy who did not respond to his name or the name of family members (i.e. Where’s mama? Show daddy.). He did not respond to simple verbal commands with the exception of “No!” and “give me” accompanied with a gesture. In the area of Receptive Communication the following skills were observed or reported by the parents:
* turns head toward non-speech sounds like a horn or bell, but inconsistently responds to voices outside field of vision
* demonstrates brief attention to speaker and provides little eye contact when spoken to
* enjoys listening to music and singing and attempts to move body to the rhythm
* responds to a firm “No!” by hesitating at least temporarily
* not yet associates spoken words with familiar objects with the exception of “blocks”
* reportedly responds to own name approximately 50% of the time and appears more responsive to a firm or over-exaggerated tone
* inconsistently responds to the names of family members by looking toward them or going to them when named
* not yet identifying body parts or articles of clothing on request (i.e. where’s your nose? get your shoes.)
* requires gestures or contextual cues to respond to routine directions (i.e. doesn’t respond to the verbal command “Let’s go bye-bye” but runs to the door when he hears the gate open)
* typically responds to the simultaneous verbal and gestural command “give me” but inconsistently responds to other simultaneous verbal and gestural commands such as “come here,” “sit down,” “let’s go”
* prefers to look at books independently; pushes parent away when they attempt to talk about the pictures or read a short story
Expressive (making sounds, gestures, signing, talking): Parents expressed concern that Tristan tends to get desired objects on his own and doesn’t use eye gaze, gestures, sounds, or words to request or initiate interactions [parent note: he does use eye gaze; he gazes at what he wants or likes – he doesn’t get someone’s attention by gaining eye contact is what this seems to mean]. Mother reported Tristan just recently began to bring a parent his shoes to request “Let’s go outside.” Tristan imitates the word “the,” but does not imitate any other sounds or words and appears less interested in imitating gestures such as clapping or “high five.” During the intake, Tristan presented as a self-directed boy who vocalized and made throaty sounds while exploring the doom and playing with toys, but didn’t use eye gaze, gestures, sounds, or words to communicate intent. For example, when Tristan attempted to get a toy dinosaur that was out of his reach and dropped to the ground whining when he was unsuccessful. After a few moments, Tristan searched the room for another toy and did not request assistance from any adults including his parents. Tristan did not attend to the examiner’s face or demonstrate any interest in imitating gestures, oral movements, sounds, or words. According to parent report and observations made during the assessment, Tristan needs assistance becoming more intentional with his communication through the use of a consistent gesture system along with pictures and words to help convey his message.
* attempts to get desired item on his own or pulls parent by the arm and they guess what he is trying to communicate
* makes squealing sounds and laughs
* vocalizes and makes throaty sounds while exploring and playing, but not directed toward anyone
* not yet imitating parent’s sounds or words and reportedly appears less interested in imitating gestures such as hand clapping
* not yet waving “bye-bye” but reportedly makes the same sound for “hi” (haaaaahhhh)
* enjoys humming or singing along to music using his own words
* frequently initiates a game of peek-a-boo with parents by hiding behind furniture and saying an approximation of “peek-a-boo”
* sometimes uses words or word approximations (mama, dada, ma-ma-ma/more, up, bubble, bah/block)
REEL-3 Raw Score: 30 – Age Equivalent: 9 months (53% below age)
BDI-2 Raw Score: 12 – Age Equivalent: 8 months (58% below age)
Social/Emotional (relating to others)
Adult Interaction:
* shows awareness of other people in the room but demonstrates minimal interest in engaging with the people
* observed to maintain some sustained eye contact with parents but brief intermittent eye contact with others in the room
* appears to demonstrate more focus on objects than on faces of people in the room
* shows a desire to be picked up or held by parents and allowed father to pick him up and carry him to changing table for diaper change
* expresses displeasure for or dislike for certain activities by moving away from the object or requested task or taking the object and dropping it on the floor
* expresses pleasure for or like for certain activities by maintaining attention to the object or toy or carrying the object with him
* discriminates between familiar and unfamiliar people and tends to walk away from unfamiliar people
* engages in non-communicative vocalizations throughout the assessment period
* shows signs of separation anxiety when removed from mother, becoming fussy
* was not observed to respond to praise given to him by assessor but will get self praise by clapping and smiling
* will look at a book and turn the pages of a book but does not appear to be interested in a story being read to him
BDI-2 Raw Score: 22 – Age Equivalent: 10 months (47% below age)
Self-Concept and Social Role:
* sometimes smiles and vocalizes in response to attentiono from parents
* enjoys movement in space (frolic play)
* shows awareness of hands
* shows awareness of feet
* infrequently responds to his name being called
* demonstrates interest in certain toys and will attempt to get a toy from another child but will generally let a toy go if another child takes it
* does not appear to pay attention to many verbal direction and commands given to him that are related to his regular household routine
* probability of understanding a verbal direction increases if the direction is given accompanied with visual and/or auditory cues
* will bring shoes to parents to put on so he can go outside
* generally self-directed in his activities and infrequently makes requests for assistance
* appears to prefer solitary play even when in group situations such as play dates
* can play independently but not always use toys functionally or for their intended purpose
BDI-2 Raw Score: 13 – Age Equivalent: 10 months (47% below age)
Behavior during assessment:
Tristan presents as an ambulatory child who appeared his stated age. He did not demonstrate any overt gait difficulties. He was not observed to engage in toe walking during the assessment period. He was observed to walk around the room holding objects in his hand or walk around the room looking at the ceiling. Parent related that Tristan does not seem to like wet foods and was initially reluctant to touch textures such as playdough. Tristan presents as a self-directed child who demonstrated difficulty in attending to and following verbal directions that were given to him. It was difficult to obtain his participation in many of the structured tasks. Tristan was accompanied to the assessment by his parents. Parents were able to provide information regarding Tristan’s present level of skills. Tristan was able to follow his parents from the waiting room to the assessment room. He easily entered the assessment room and walked over to manipulate the latch on the toy cabinet. When finished, he walked over to the table where there was a formboard and a ring stacking toy. He was able to engage with the various toys that were in the room but did not always use them functionally or for their intended purpose. He would hold objects such as the stacking rings in his hands and wander around the room. At times, he would walk around the room looking up at the ceiling. At one point he went over to the door, pulled the lever handle down and opened the door. He was responsive to a firm “No” from his father and he did not run out of the room. He was interested in examining the door stop. Tristan was also able to maintain some sustained eye contact with his parents but his eye contact with the assessor was minimal. He did appear to have more interest in looking at objects that the assessor was presenting to him. Throughout the assessment period, Tristan was able to maintain a steady steam of vocalizations including repetitive sounds and screams. The vocalizations did not appear to be purposeful, directed, or used for communicative purposes. He was not observed to use the vocalizations to request assistance even when it was apparent that there was a toy that he wanted which was just out of his reach. When he was not able to obtain it, he easily moved on to another object. Although he would often by interested in the objects presented to him, he was not observed to engage in joint attention or reciprocal play with the assessor. He was not observed to make attempts to engage with any of the adults in the room. He was not observed to bring objects to show his parents or to engage them with the object. He was not observed to respond to praise given to him by the assessor and he did not elicit praise from others even when successful in a task. Mother relates that she has been trying to teach Tristan “high fives.”
In summary, Tristan presented as a self directed boy who appeared indifferent to those in the room. He appeared content playing with toys and objects independently and did not seek out any social interactions with anyone in the assessment room, including his parents. Tristan demonstrated little interest in adult directed activities and responded by walking away with a preferred object (i.e. rings) while exploring the room or sometimes looking up at the ceiling. He demonstrated brief attention to some visual tasks that included items he could manipulate (i.e. formboard, ring stack), but did not attend to any language tasks (i.e. following simple verbal directions, retrieving objects on request, identifying pictures or objects on request). Tristan did not respond when his name was called, appeared indifferent to praise, and did not display joint attention.
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